Economist
Adam Smith
A Scottish economist, Adam Smith founded modern economics in The Wealth of Nations, showing how the market and the division of labor generate prosperity and how the invisible hand coordinates individual interests.

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Economist · 1723–1790
Profile is a model built from 240 answers simulated in character; not a statement by the person.
Compare your own views01 / The profile
Twelve axes, one perspective
02 / What stands out
Three distinctive positions
42.9pt
Trade
18.8% Protectionism, compared with the ideology catalog’s 61.7% median.
How open should the economy be to international exchange?
31.3pt
Structure
68.8% Federal, compared with the ideology catalog’s 37.5% median.
Where should public power live?
27.5pt
Control
35% Planning, compared with the ideology catalog’s 62.5% median.
How should economic activity be coordinated?
The profile in detail
Government and accountability. Structure: 68.8% Federal, 31.2% Unitary (Leaning Federal); Representation: 47.5% Democracy, 52.5% Autocracy (Balanced). This combination separates where authority is located from how leaders are selected and constrained. It preserves those two choices even when a broad political label does not distinguish them. On Representation, the 877-profile catalog median is 57.5% Democracy; Adam Smith sits 10.0 points below it. 80 reference profiles share this band.
Civil power and culture. Power: 40% Security, 60% Liberty (Leaning Liberty); Immigration: 40% Assimilation, 60% Multiculturalism (Leaning Multiculturalism). The first contrast concerns limits on civil life; the second concerns cultural adaptation and plural identities. Reading them together avoids inferring an immigration position solely from a preference about security. On Power, the 877-profile catalog median is 58.8% Security; Adam Smith sits 18.8 points below it. 151 reference profiles share this band.
Force and foreign policy. Diplomacy: 32.5% Militarist, 67.5% Pacifist (Leaning Pacifist); Intervention: 66.2% Non-interventionist, 33.8% Nationalist (Leaning Non-interventionist). Military capacity and projection of national interests are distinct choices in this model. These coordinates show how the profile combines military means and external objectives, without assuming that they always move together. On Intervention, the 877-profile catalog median is 48.8% Non-interventionist; Adam Smith sits 17.4 points above it. 203 reference profiles share this band.
Ownership, coordination and trade. Economy: 31.2% Public, 68.8% Private (Leaning Private); Control: 35% Planning, 65% Free market (Leaning Free market); Trade: 18.8% Protectionism, 81.2% Globalism (Strong Globalism). These ask three different questions: who owns, how activity is coordinated and how the economy engages abroad. The economic profile of Adam Smith depends on that combination, rather than a single left or right classification. On Economy, the 877-profile catalog median is 53.2% Public; Adam Smith sits 22.0 points below it. 179 reference profiles share this band.
Belief and social norms. Religion: 60% Irreligious, 40% Religious (Leaning Irreligious); Morality: 40% Progressive, 60% Traditionalist (Leaning Traditionalist). The model keeps religious influence separate from continuity in social norms. These values describe the reference profile; they do not assign a religion to someone who receives this match in the quiz. On Morality, the 877-profile catalog median is 38.8% Progressive; Adam Smith sits 1.2 points above it. 197 reference profiles share this band.
Technology and limits. Technology: 67.5% Technology, 32.5% Biology (Leaning Technology). This adds a perspective on innovation and biological continuity that cannot be inferred directly from the economic coordinates. For Adam Smith, the 17.5-point distance from the center indicates the intensity of this particular position. On Technology, the 877-profile catalog median is 57.5% Technology; Adam Smith sits 10.0 points above it. 299 reference profiles share this band.
03 / Connections
Nearby profiles

Paulo Guedes
92.9% compatibility

Benjamin Constant
92.8% compatibility

Benjamin Franklin
92.3% compatibility

Friedrich Hayek
92% compatibility

Adrian Wooldridge
91.8% compatibility

Alexis de Tocqueville
91.5% compatibility
At the other end of the catalog
Closest ideologies
Closest countries & regions
Three views of compatibility
Political
Capitalism
94.2%
12 axes considered
Social
Kantian Republicanism
97.8%
9 axes considered
Economic
Liberal Technocracy
99.3%
3 axes considered
Further reading
1776
The Wealth of Nations
Find the book ↗Got Adam Smith on the 12 Axes test?
Look at the other nearby profiles and the axes where you differ. A match is a starting point for exploring ideas, rather than a final identity.
Understand your result ↗Frequently asked questions
What does getting Adam Smith on the test mean?
Your twelve scores are relatively close to this reference profile. A match describes similarity inside the model; it does not imply agreement with every action, policy or belief associated with Adam Smith.
Which ideology is closest to Adam Smith?
Capitalism has 94.2% compatibility in the catalog. This score combines axis proximity, overall direction, intensity and the largest difference between the profiles.
Which axis stands out for Adam Smith?
Trade is among the furthest from the center: 18.8% Protectionism and 81.2% Globalism. Read all twelve axes to understand the full combination.
Your perspective, in detail
Where do your ideas stand?
Explore twelve dimensions and discover the combinations that make your perspective your own.



